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This was the Century of Robert Bruce, William
Wallace, Bannockburn and the Declaration of Arbroath.
1305 - Edward the First's Ordinance
for the government of Scotland.
1305 - William Wallace, Scottish
Patriot, betrayed and captured by the English is "hung, drawn and
quartered in a barbarous execution. Wallace's head is mounted on
London Bridge.
1306 - Robert Bruce murders the John
"Red" Comyn at Greyfriar Abbey, Dumfries. Coronation of Robert the
Bruce at Scone. Reign of Robert I (r.1306-29)
1307 - Three of the Bruce's brothers,
Alexander, Nigel and Thomas are "hanged, drawn and quartered" by
Edward I, exactly as Wallace had been executed two years earlier.
1308 - Battle of the pass of Brander.
1308 - Inverurie - King Robert the
Bruce defeated Comyn of Buchan and the English.
1314 - Battle of Bannockburn (Scots
under Robert the Bruce routed the English led by Edward II)
resulting in Scottish Independence. The Scots with only 500 mounted
men, 2,500 spearmen and 5,000 warriors defeat the English and their
army of 25-30,000. It was England's most severe loss to any army in
their medieval history.
1325 - Tarbert Castle (Loch Fyne)
built. First Scottish Parliament met.
1328 - Treaty of Northhampton signed
between Edward III and Robert I officially recognising Scottish
independence and Robert Bruce as it's king.
1329 - King Robert the Bruce (Robert
I) dies, possibly of leprosy. Accession of David II. (r.1329-71)
1332 - Second Scottish War of
Independence begins.
1332 Dupplin Moor - Edward Balliol,
son of John Balliol, invades Scotland with English backing. Scots
defeated by Edward Balliol.
1333 - Battle of Halidon Hill. Edward
the III of England defeats Scots.
1346 - Battle of Neville's Cross.
King David II is defeated and captured by the English.
1349-50 - The Black Death, (Bubonic
Plague) begins in Scotland.
1371 - Accession of Robert II, the
first of the Stewart Kings to the throne. Robert II (the Stewart)
reigns (1371-90).
1388 - Battle of Otterburn. Henry
Percy "Hotspur" and the English defeated by the Scots under James,
2nd earl of Douglas. Henry and Ralph Percy captured. Douglas was
killed at the battle.
1390-1406 - Reign of Robert III.
1396 - Hugh clan battle at Perth of
Chattens, watched by king Robert III as "entertainment" school
locally.
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Scottish History 18th Century
This was the Century of the Scottish
Enlightenment, Robert Burns and the Jacobite Rebellion with Bonnie
Prince Charlie
1701 - Alexander MacDonald (Alastair Macmhaighster Alastair,
1701-1780) Gaelic poet, born.
1702 - Death of William III (of England) and II (of Scotland),
William of Orange.
1707 - Treaty of Union of Parliaments is passed; Scotland formally
united with England to form Great Britain. Although claimed to have
been a peaceful and desired Union, it was met with riots in
Edinburgh, and the Highlanders never wanted Union with England. It
was, in effect, "steamrollered" onto the Scots by Queen Anne, and
Scotland's larger neighbour to the south.
1714 - Death of Queen Anne. Rob MacKay (d. 1778) Gaelic poet, born.
1715 - First Jacobite "Rising" (Mar's Rebellion). The Jacobites
fighting for the James Stuart (James VIII), "Old Pretender" as he
was known by his detractors, were defeated at the Battle of
Sheriffmuir.
1716 - Dugald Buchanan (1716-68) Gaelic poet, born.
1719 - Jacobites revolt again (Hispano-Scottish Rising) resulting in
the defeat at the Battle of Glenshiel.
1724 - Duncan Ban MacIntyre (1724-1812), Gaelic poet born.
1725 - General Wade appointed Commander-in-Chief on the Highlands of
Scotland.
1725 - Major road construction begins in the Highlands to make them
more accessible to British armies.
1727 - Death of George I
1729 - Independent Cos. begun
1736 - James MacPherson, of Ossianic fame (1736-98) born at Ruthven.
His work on Highland clans and histories later turns out to have
been bogus fiction.
1739 - Black Watch raised. The regiment was formed as much (if not
completely), to keep an "eye" on the Scottish Highlands, not to help
the Highlanders. They went to great fame later in foreign wars.
1743 - The potato introduced into the Scottish Highlands
1744 - The world's first Golf Club (the Honourable Company of
Edinburgh Golfers) was founded.
1745 - Prince Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) raises
the Stewart and Royal Scottish Banner at Glenshiel.
1745 - Second Jacobite rebellion (the Forty-Five) begins; Scottish
victory at the Battle of Prestonpans; Jacobite Scottish army advance
as far south as Derby but then retreat. 1746 - Battle of Falkirk(II)
victory for Scottish Jacobites.
1746 - 16 April, 1746, Battle of Culloden (Jacobite Scots routed by
the Government troops); Charles escapes to France. The Jacobites had
been victorious in the prior battles and skirmishes; so much so,
that King George of Britain had fled south from his palace in London
to escape possible capture!
But the battle itself was a total disaster for the Scots, under poor
leadership. The Scots were not in a good postion from the start of
the battle, and instead of withdrawing as he was advised by Lord
Murray, Charles listened to his Irish supporters who convinced him
to fight a "final" battle here at Culloden Moor.
The Scots were cut down before most of them crossed the moor, those
that did were exhausted and using swords against English firearms
and bayonets. The injured Scots on the battlefield were ordered to
be butchered by British commander, the Duke of Cumberland (Butcher
Cumberland) where they lay and were unceremoniouslly dumped into
mass graves, some still alive, and buried.
This final and decisive battle effectively ended all Jacobite
resistance and the Highlands were reduced to ashes by the Government
forces on a savage killing spree. The Highland Clan system never
recovered it's past glory, and the Clearances of "wild Highlanders"
was about to put and end to 2000 or more years of Clan and family
systems.
The Highlanders suffered much more than their Lowland counterparts,
many of whom had fought on the government side, as indeed did some
Highlanders. The Highlander was reviled by the Lowlander, and
thought a savage by the unsympathetic English. It was the end of the
Highland way of life forever.
1746 - The wearing of the kilt is prohibited from August 1st.
Highland Dress was proscribed (prohibited) by parliament; the
wearing of the kilt was prohibited and punishable by death. So, too,
was the use of Tartan, gathering of any clans - all Highland culture
was effectively wiped out of existence. Beginning of the Highland
'Pacification'.
1759 - Scotland's most famous poet, Robert Burns (1759-96) was born
at Alloway.
1760 - Death of George II.
1767 - The first New Testament was printed in Gaelic.
1768 - The first edition of the "Encylopaedia Britannica" was
published in Edinburgh by William Smellie.
1770 - James Hogg, poet, born in Edinburgh (1771-1832).
1770 - The Clyde Trust was created to convert the River Clyde, which
was at that time an insignficant river, into a major thoroughfare
for maritime communications. This required a major programme of
excavation and dredging.
1771 - Sir Walter Scott born in Edinburgh (1771-1832). Buried at
Dryburgh Abbey.
1775 - Ewan MacLachlan, Gaelic poet, born. Penal Statutes against
Clan Gregor repealed.
1775 - Glenturret Distillery, Crieff, the oldest in Scotland,
established.
1776 - Adam Smith publishes The Wealth Of Nations. James Watt builds
his steam engine with separate condenser.
1776 - American colonists declare independence from British rule.
1777 - Highland Light Infantry raised.
1778 - Seaforth Highlanders raised.
1779 - John Galt, Scottish author, born in Ayrshire (1779-1839).
1780-1854 HIGHLAND CLEARANCES, 1785 Official 'beginning' of the
HIGHLAND CLEARANCES, which lasted until 1854 and beyond. This was
the initial wave.
1780 - Thomas Chalmers, Scottish divine and humanist, born in
Anstruther (Fife) 1780-1847.
1782 - Act proscribing Highland dress repealed.
1783 - Glasgow Chamber of Commerce founded - the first in Britain.
1783-1801 - Bible (new) first published in Gaelic.
1788 - Prince Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) died.
(1720-88)
1792 - Hew Ainslie, poet, born in Ayrshire (1792-1878). 1793 -
Cameron Highlanders raised.
1794 - Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders raised. Gordon Highlanders
also raised.
1797 - Mrs Janet Keiller's marmalade made by the factory in Dundee.
